Analisis Struktur Vegetasi dan Potensi Pohon Penghasil Obat: Studi Kasus KHDTK Aek Nauli, Sumatera Utara
Analysis of Vegetation Structure and Potential of Medicinal Trees: Case Study of the Aek Nauli Forest Management Area, North Sumatra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59465/jpht.v22i2.911Kata Kunci:
Keanekaragaman jenis, KHDTK Aek Nauli, komposisi hutan, tanaman obatAbstrak
Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Aek Nauli terletak di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatra Utara, memiliki fungsi penting dalam penelitian, konservasi, dan pengembangan hasil hutan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi struktur tegakan jenis pohon dan potensi pohon penghasil obat untuk mendukung konservasi dan pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati serta pengelolaan hutan. Petak pengamatan disusun secara bersarang pada empat tahapan pertumbuhan, yakni semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon untuk menilai secara menyeluruh dinamika, struktur, serta regenerasi hutan. Indeks ekologi yang digunakan, meliputi Indeks Nilai Penting, keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener, kekayaan jenis Margalef, dan keseragaman Pielou. Dari 31 jenis pohon yang tercatat, 15 diantaranya memiliki potensi khasiat obat, termasuk antioksidan, antibakteri, antiradang, antidiabetes, dan antikanker, dengan jenis dominan yang bervariasi pada tiap tahap pertumbuhan, yaitu Litsea sp.1, Styrax benzoin, dan Symplocos cochinchinensis pada tingkat semai, serta Pinus merkusii, Rhoudolia teysmanii, dan Quercus sp. pada tingkat pohon. Indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman sedang (2,30-2,58), kekayaan jenis sedang hingga tinggi (3,68-4,99), dan keseragaman tinggi (0,768-0,893). Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa KHDTK Aek Nauli merupakan sumber daya penting dengan potensi ekologi dan keanekaragaman hayati berkhasiat obat, yang berpeluang mendukung bioprospeksi dan konservasi spesies serta pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan.
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