Conflict of Interest

JPPDAS requires authors, reviewers, and editors to disclose any interests that may influence—or be perceived to influence—the objectivity of the research and the publication process. The existence of a conflict of interest does not automatically result in the rejection of a manuscript, but it must be disclosed and managed transparently.

1. Types of Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest may be financial or nonfinancial in nature, including employment relationships, paid consulting, stock ownership, patents, personal relationships, academic competition, or institutional interests relevant to the manuscript.

2. Authors’ Obligations
Each author is required to disclose relevant relationships and interests at the time of submission and to update them if changes occur. A Conflict of Interest statement must be included in the manuscript.
Funding sources and the role of sponsors in the research and publication are stated separately in the “Funding” section. The corresponding author is responsible for collecting statements from all authors.

3. Reviewer Responsibilities
Reviewers must disclose potential conflicts of interest to the editor before accepting an assignment and must decline or recuse themselves if their objectivity is at risk of being compromised. Unpublished manuscript information must not be used for personal gain.

4. Editors’ Responsibilities
Editors with a conflict of interest must recuse themselves from handling and making decisions regarding the relevant manuscript. Manuscripts submitted by an editor or a member of the editorial board are handled by an independent editor and undergo the same review process.

5. Handling of Undisclosed Interests
If undisclosed interests are discovered, the journal will request clarification and assess the impact. Actions may include replacing the reviewer or editor, re-reviewing the manuscript, or issuing a correction after publication. Further actions are determined based on the evidence and the impact on the integrity of the article.