Peningkatan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Karet Melalui Sistem Tumpang Sari Berbasis Karet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59465/jpht.v17i1.815Kata Kunci:
Agroforestri, pertumbuhan, hasil lateks, tanaman selaAbstrak
Tumpang sari karet dengan tanaman ekonomis lainnya dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan produktivitas karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan tumpang sari terhadap kesuburan tanah, pertumbuhan lilit batang karet/keliling batang karet, hasil lateks, dan potensi hasil tanaman sela. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Karet Sembawa menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor perlakuan ada empat pola tanam, yaitu PT1 (karet monokultur); PT2 (karet+nanas); PT3 (karet+jagung manis); dan PT4 (karet+cabai rawit). Parameter yang diamati meliputi: lilit batang karet, tebal kulit batang, matang sadap pohon karet, hasil lateks, potensi hasil tanaman sela dan analisis kesuburan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tumpang sari berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan pohon karet dan mengurangi fase tanaman yang tidak produktif. Pohon karet dengan perlakuan tumpang sari siap untuk disadap lima bulan lebih awal daripada pohon karet monokultur. Sementara ketebalan kulit batang karet tidak berbeda nyata daripada pohon karet monokultur. Perlakuan tumpang sari tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil lateks per pohon per penyadapan, tetapi hasil per hektar lebih besar dengan perlakuan tumpang sari karena jumlah pohon yang dapat disadap lebih tinggi secara nyata.
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