Evaluasi Kesesuaian Jenis Pohon Penyusun Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(Evaluation of the Suitability of Tree Species in the Green Open Space at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59465/jpht.v22i1.724Kata Kunci:
Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Jenis Pohon, Kesesuaian Vegetasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah SurakartaAbstrak
Abstract
Green Open Spaces (GOS) are vital in maintaining environmental quality through their ecological and aesthetic functions. The GOS owned by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS) is categorized as a private GOS. The development of GOS at UMS is expected to contribute to achieving the target area of green spaces in Surakarta City. This study aims to identify and analyze the suitability of tree species for the functions of GOS. Data were collected using an exploratory method and direct observation. Tree species suitability was analyzed using a scoring system based on three main criteria: silviculture, management, and aesthetics, along with a literature review on tree species. The results show that 56 tree species are distributed across Campus 1 and Campus 2 of UMS, indicating a relatively high species richness. Some dominant species include Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Tanjung (Mimusops elengi), and Ketapang (Terminalia catappa). In general, the ecological functions of UMS GOS are fulfilled, including microclimate regulation, shading, aesthetics, and pollutant absorption. However, adjustments are needed for the placement of tree species that bear large fruits. Evaluating tree species suitability in UMS GOS shows that 95% of tree species on Campus 1 and 85.71% on Campus 2 fall into the "suitable" category for GOS functions. However, some are only "moderately suitable"..
Keywords: Green open space, tree species, vegetation suitability, private GOS
Abstrak
Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kualitas lingkungan melalui fungsi ekologis dan estetika. RTH yang dimiliki oleh Universitas Muhammadiah Surakarta (UMS) dikategorikan sebagai RTH privat. Pembangunan RTH di UMS diharapkan dapat berkontribusi untuk memenuhi target luasan RTH di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kesesuaian jenis pohon terhadap fungsi RTH. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode jelajah dan observasi langsung. Analisis kesesuaian jenis dilakukan menggunakan skoring terhadap tiga kriteria utama, yaitu silvikultur, manajemen, dan estetika serta kajian pustaka terkait jenis pohon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 56 jenis pohon yang tersebar di Kampus 1 dan Kampus 2 di UMS, dengan tingkat kekayaan jenis yang cukup tinggi. Beberapa jenis dominan di antaranya adalah angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), tanjung (Mimusops elengi), dan ketapang (Terminalia catappa). Fungsi ekologis RTH UMS secara umum terpenuhi, baik itu sebagai pengontrol iklim mikro, peneduh, estetika, maupun penyerap polutan. Namun, diperlukan penyesuaian penempatan jenis pohon yang memiliki buah besar. evaluasi kesesuaian jenis pohon penyusun RTH UMS menunjukkan bahwa 95% jenis pohon di Kampus 1 dan 85,71% di Kampus 2 masuk dalam kategori “sesuai” untuk fungsi RTH, meskipun ada beberapa yang hanya “cukup sesuai”.
Kata kunci: Ruang terbuka hijau, jenis pohon, kesesuaian vegetasi, RTH privat
Referensi
Ardillah, J.S., Rahman, R., Jufriadi, & Alwan. (2024). Upaya pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Kota Masamba. Journal of Urban Planning Studies, 4(3), 234-241.
Ariyanto, J., Widoretno, S., Nurmiyati, Agustina, P. (2014). Bentuk kehidupan (life form) tumbuhan penyusun vegetasi di kotamadya surakarta. Bioedukasi, 7(2), 10-17. Doi:org/10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v7i2.2928.
Cai, G.Q., & Qi, L. (2016). Effects of habitat complexity on stochastic nonlinear ecosystems. International Journal of Dynamics and Control, 4(3), 275–283. Doi:org/10.1007/S40435-015-0194-X
Dahlan E.N. (2008). Jumlah Emisi Gas CO2 dan Pemilihan Jenis Tanaman Berdaya Rosot Sangat Tinggi: Studi Kasus di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Media Konservasi 13 (2) : 85-89
Douglas, A.N.J., Irga, P.J., & Torpy, F.R. (2023). Investigating Vegetation Types Based on the Spatial Variation in Air Pollutant Concentrations Associated with Different Forms of Urban Forestry. Environments, 10(2), 32. Doi:org/10.3390/environments10020032
Duan, J., Wang, Y., Fan, C., Xia, B., & de Groot, R. (2018). Perception of urban environmental risks and the effects of urban green infrastructures (UGIs) on human well-being in four public green spaces of Guangzhou China. Environmental Management, 62(3), 500-517. Doi:org/10.1007/s00267-018-1068-8.
Ender, E., & Zencirkiran, M. (2017). Researches on attractive flowered natural woody plants of bursa flora in terms of landscape design. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 11(7), 645–650.
Esperón‐Rodríguez, M. (2024). Trees, society, and the path toward resilient ecosystems. Plants, People, Planet. Doi:org/10.1002/ppp3.10614
Gandasari, I., Hotimah, O., & Miarsyah, M. (2020). Pemanfaatan ruang terbuka kampus sebagai potensi menjaga lingkungan. JGG-Jurnal Green Growth dan Manajemen Lingkungan, 9(2), 71-85. Doi:org/10.21009/jgg.092.04.
Gloria, C.J.N., Barreno, E.O., & Mundo, E.F.D. (2023). Insecticidal activity of aratiles (Muntingia calabura l.) leaves against the rice weevil (sitophylus oryzae l.). Rices-Based Biosystems Journal, 11, 67-72.
Gu, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, W., Feng, Y., Yang, L., Li, Z., Guo, Y., Shi, G., & Han, S. (2023). Ecological factors driving tree diversity across spatial scales in temperate forests, Northeast China. Forests, 14(6), 1241. Doi.org/10.3390/f14061241
Haas, W.D., Hassink, J., & Stuiver, M. (2021). The role of urban green space in promoting inclusion: experiences from the Netherlands. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9 (618198), 1-11. Doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.618198.
Hadinoto, H., Suhesti, E., & Suwarno, E. (2018). Kesesuaian jenis pohon di hutan Kota Pekanbaru. Wahana Forestra, 13(2), 118-131. Doi:org/10.31849/forestra.v13i2.1566.
Hartanti, D.A.T. (2020). Kajian ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Surakarta provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2020. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Hasan, R., Aziz, N. D., Nawawi, A. H., & Amin, G. (2018). Theoretical Framework for Trees Management in Campus Landscape Design. 3(7), 219–226. Doi:org/10.21834/E-BPJ.V3I7.1284
Hermawan, D., Pramitasari, D., & Sudibyo, S. (2017). Studi kecukupan ruang terbuka hijau ideal di kampus perguruan tinggi untuk perencanaan kampus hijau kasus amatan wilayah aglomerasi Kota Yogyakarta Utara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional XII “Rekayasa Teknologi Industri dan Informasi”. Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nasional Yogaykarta.
Huss, E., Bar Yosef, K., & Zaccai, M. (2017). The meaning of flowers: a cultural and perceptual exploration of ornamental flowers. The Open Psychology Journal, 10(1), 140–153. Doi:org/10.2174/1874350101710010140
Irwan, S. N. R., Khoisol, A., & Soewarno. (2012). Fungsi Vegetasi Pada Ruang Hijau Dan Hutan Kota Untuk Pengembangan Lanskap Eco pesantren. Studi Kasus: Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid Probolinggo. Publikasi Ilmiah UMS, 131–136.
Koto, A.G. & Taslim, I. (2019). Kajian ruang terbuka hijau kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo menggunakan foto udara drone. Media Komunikasi Geografi, 19(2), 153. Doi:org/10.23887/mkg.v19i2.14735.
Kozlov, M.V. (2005). Pollution resistance of mountain birch, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, near the copper-nickel smelter: natural selection or phenotypic acclimation? Chemosphere, 59(2), 189-197. Doi:org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2004.11.010
Kristianto, B.A.W. & Haryanti, E. (2022). Strategi peningkatan kualitas ruang terbuka hijau di hutan Kota Pakal Surabaya. SARR, 1(2), 325-346.
Lee, A.C.K., Jordan, H.C., & Horsley, J. (2015). Value of urban green spaces in promoting healthy living and wellbeing:prospects for planning. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 8, 131-137. Doi:org/10.2147/RMHP.S61654.
Markum. (2019). Klasifikasi dan kombinasi dalam agroforestry. Buku Ajar Agroforestry. Mataram University Press.
Mastuti, A., Turtiantoro, & Setiyono, B. (2017). Kondisi dan Prospek Pengembangan Eksisting Ruang terbuka Hijau (RTH) Publik Kota Surakarta. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 6(3), 131–140.
Miller, G.T. & Spoolman, S. (2012). Environmental Science (15th ed). Boston. USA: Cengage Learning.
Mukhlison. (2013). Pemilihan jenis pohon untuk pengembangan hutan kota di kawasan perkotaan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 7(1), 37-47.
Nugradi, D. (2009). Identifikasi ruang terbuka hijau Kota Semarang. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 11(1), 61-70.
Nugroho, A.P. & Hidayati, R. (2023). Identifikasi kesesuaian vegetasi taman sekartaji sebagai ruang terbuka hijau (rth) kota Surakarta. SIAR IV 2023: Seminar Ilmiah Arsitektur, 594-602.
Nurfatiha, A. E., Nugraheni, D. T., Febriana, R. L. N., & Miftadira, R. (2024). Evaluasi penerapan konsep forest city dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan lokasi calon ibu kota negara Indonesia. Journal of Placemaking and Streetscape Design, 1(2). Doi.org/10.61511/jpstd.v1i2.2024.566
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 63 Tahun 2002 tentang Hutan Kota.
Petri, L., Aragaki, S., & Gomes, E.P.C. (2018). Management priorities for exotic plants in an urban Atlantic Forest reserve. Acta Bot. Bras., 32 (4). Doi:org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7102322
Riley, C.B., Herms, D.A., & Gardiner, M.M. (2017). Exotic trees contribute to urban forest diversity and ecosystem services in inner-city Cleveland, OH. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 367-376. Doi:org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.01.004.
Rochim, F.N., & Syahbana, J.A. (2013). Penetapan Fungsi Dan Kesesuaian Vegetasi Pada Taman Publik Sebagai Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Di Kota Pekalongan (Studi Kasus: Taman Monumen 45 Kota Pekalongan). Jurnal Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota), 2(3), 314–327.
Salsabila, S. & Navastara, A.M. (2023). Penilaian Keseuaian Fungsi Ekologi Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Inti Kraton Yogyakarta. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 12(1), 2337-3520. Doi:10.12962/j23373539.v12i1.93794.
Sardaro, R., Panio, D., Fucilli, V., Bozzo, F., & Acciani, C. (2017). The Ornamental value of trees and choice experiments: a further methodological approach. Aestimum, 70(70), 75–95. Doi:org/10.13128/AESTIMUM-21082
Setiawan, A. & Hermana, J. (2013). Analisa Kecukupan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Berdasarkan Penyerapan Emisi CO2 dan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Oksigen di Kota Probolinggo. Jurnal Teknik Pomits, 2(2), 171-174.
Setiawan, E. & Arsandie, Y. (2023). Green open space sebagai fasilitas belajar di lingkungan kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS). Prosiding SIAR-IV 2023, 576-565.
Setiowati, R., Hasibuan, H.S., & Koestoer, R.H.T.S. (2020). Studi komparasi perencanaan ruang terbuka hijau perkotaan antara Jakarta dan Singapura. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, 12(2), 54-62. Doi:10.29244/jli.12.2.2020.54-62.
Shamsbiranvand, M.H. Khodadadi, A., Assarehzadegan, M.A., Borsi, S.H., & Amini, A. (2014). Immunochemical characterization of acacia pollen allergens and evaluation of cross-reactivity pattern with the common allergenic pollens. Journal of Allergy, 409056, 1-7. Doi:org/10.1155/2014/409056
Sidor, C.G., Cuciurean, C., Popa, I., Leca, S., Vlad, R., & Badea, O. (2022). Broad-Leaved Tree Growth Modulated by Industrial Air Pollution in the Northern Romania (Baia Mare Region). Forests, 13(5), 807. Doi:org/10.3390/f13050807
Silva, J.L.S.e., Oliveira, M.T.P. de., & Oliveira, W. (2020). High richness of exotic trees in tropical urban green spaces: Reproductive systems, fruiting and associated risks to native species. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 50(126659), 1-10. Doi:org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126659.
Susilowati, A., Rachmat, H.H., & Rangkuti, A.B. (2021). Tree biodiversity in USU green space: Exotic plant and its risk to native species. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 886 012035, 1-6. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012035.
Syahrul, M. & Suharyani. (2020). Evaluasi tingkat kebisingan ruang terbuka hijau taman tirtonadi surakarta. Sinektika: Jurnal Arsitektur, 17(2), 178-182. Doi: 10.23917/sinektika.v17i2.11625.
Syaifuddin, N., Baguna, F., Nurdin, A., Hidayah, M., & Tamnge, F. (2022). Pengembangan taman sebagai ruang terbuka hijau publik di pulau ternate. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 3(3), 5667-5674. Doi:org/10.47492/jip.v3i3.19
Tochaiwat, K., Rinchumphu, D., Sundaranaga, C., Pomsurin, N., Chaichana, C., Khuwuthyakorn, P., Phichetkunbodee, N., & Chan, Y.C. (2023). The potential of a tree to increase comfort hours in campus public space design. Energy Reports, 9(9), 184-193 Doi:org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.256
Utami, W., Lestari, N.D., & Junarto, R. (2024). Optimalisasi pemanfaatan sempadan selokan mataram sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Inovasi, 21(1), 15-25. Doi:10.33626/inovasi.v21i1.784
Vlachokostas, Ch., Michailidou, A.V., Matziris, E., Achillas, Ch., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2014). A multiple criteria decision-making approach to put forward tree species in urban environment. Urban Climate, 10, 105–118. Doi:org/10.1016/J.UCLIM.2014.10.003
Waheed, M., & Naeem, Z. (2023). The role of roadside tree planting in environmental conservation. Radinka Journal of Science and Systematic Literature Review, 2(1). Doi:org/10.56778/rjslr.v2i1.213
Wijayanti, S.N., Makrufi, A.D., & Setiawan, A.N. (2021). Implementation of muhamamdiyah green school as an effort to fulfill constitutional rights. Community Empowerment, 6(7), 1199-1211. Doi:org/10.31603/ce.4984.
Zailani, N. & Sutomo, B. (2025). Use of gis technology for distribution of city forests and green open spaces. Jurnal Teknlogi Informatika dan Komputer MH. Thamrin, 11(1), 96-109. Doi:org/10.37012/jtik.v11i1.2490
Zhang, P., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E.W., Soons, M.B., Hefting, M.M., Kowalchuk, G.A., Adler, P.B., Chu, C., Zhou, X., Brown, C.S., Guo, Z., Zhou, X., Zhao, Z., Du, G., Hautier, Y. (2023). Space resource utilization of dominant species integrates abundance- and functional-based processes for better predictions of plant diversity dynamics. Oikos, 4. Doi:org/10.1111/oik.09519
