Karakteristik Tapak pada Berbagai Tutupan Lahan di Gunung Walat, Kabupaten Sukabumi
Site Characteristics under Various Land Covers in Mount Walat, Sukabumi Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59465/jphka.v22i2.736Kata Kunci:
Gunung Walat, Hutan Tanaman, Lahan Tambang, Tanah, VegetasiAbstrak
Perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan Gunung Walat, Kabupaten Sukabumi, dari semak belukar menjadi ekosistem hutan buatan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Walat dan PT Gunung Walat Perkasa telah memengaruhi kualitas tanah secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah pada berbagai tutupan lahan, yaitu hutan tanaman puspa, semak belukar, dan lahan tambang pasir kuarsa. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yang meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah pada kedalaman topsoil (0 - 20 cm), analisis laboratorium, dan uji statistik Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan tanaman puspa memiliki kualitas tanah terbaik, ditunjukkan oleh nilai bulk density terendah (0,72 g/cm³), porositas tertinggi (72,82%), kadar air tanah tinggi (40,33%), pH mendekati normal (5,42), dan kandungan C-organik yang tinggi (12,16%). Sebaliknya, lahan tambang menunjukkan degradasi kualitas tanah, dengan bulk density tinggi (1,49 g/cm³), porositas rendah (43,92%), kadar air dan respirasi mikroba sangat rendah, serta pH tanah sangat masam (4,34). Hasil analisis vegetasi didapatkan nilai kerapatan vegetasi hutan tanaman puspa memiliki 300 batang/ha untuk tingkat pohon, 2000 batang/ha untuk tingkat pancang, dan 237.500 batang/ha untuk tingkat tanaman bawah dan semai. Kerapatan vegetasi lahan tambang hanya pada tingkat tanaman bawah atau semai dengan nilai 32.500 batang/ha. Kerapatan tajuk hutan tanaman puspa memiliki nilai terbesar dengan persentase kerapatan tajuk 81,31%, sedangkan tidak ada kerapatan tajuk di lahan tambang.
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